libTIFF for WASI

v4.7.2WASI

libTIFF 4.7.2 for command-line programs under wasmtime, precompiled for wasm32-wasip3, single-threaded as @crossbind/port-tiff-wasi.

npm install @crossbind/port-tiff-wasi@beta

npm ↗Port recipe and licence files ↗

Install

shell

npm install @crossbind/port-tiff-wasi@beta crossbind@beta

A TIFF archiving tool

WASI has no JavaScript bindings: the program is a main() that links libtiff, built into one .wasm and run with wasmtime. This one rewrites every page of a TIFF losslessly, black-and-white pages as CCITT Group 4 and the others as Deflate with a predictor, the job a scan archive runs on each upload. The WASI build of libtiff has the codecs that need no library or only zlib: no JPEG, ZSTD or LERC.

crossbind.config.js

import tiffWasi from '@crossbind/port-tiff-wasi/crossbind.config.js';
 
export default {
    general: { name: 'tiff-tool' },
    dependencies: [tiffWasi],
    paths: { config: import.meta.url },
};

src/native/main.cpp

// A command-line TIFF tool for WASI:
//   tiff-tool sample <out.tif>             writes a three-page, uncompressed TIFF to try it on
//   tiff-tool archive <in.tif> <out.tif>   rewrites every page losslessly: black-and-white pages as
//                                          CCITT Group 4, the others as Deflate with a predictor
//   tiff-tool info <file.tif>              one line per page: size, samples, codec and stored bytes
#include <tiffio.h>
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
namespace {
 
using File = std::unique_ptr<TIFF, void (*)(TIFF*)>;
 
File open(const char* path, const char* mode) {
    File tif(TIFFOpen(path, mode), TIFFClose);
    if (!tif) std::fprintf(stderr, "cannot open %s\n", path);
    return tif;
}
 
// Files are built in memory through TIFFClientOpen and saved with one fwrite. With wasi-sdk 34's
// wasm32-wasip2 and -wasip3 libc, a write that follows lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) lands at the old
// position; libtiff seeks that way before every page after the first, so a multi-page file written
// with TIFFOpen comes out corrupt.
class Output {
public:
    Output() : tif(TIFFClientOpen("output", "w", this, read, write, seek, close, size, map, unmap), TIFFClose) {}
    TIFF* get() const { return tif.get(); }
 
    // Closes the TIFF, which writes its last directory, then saves the bytes.
    bool save(const char* path) {
        tif.reset();
        std::unique_ptr<FILE, int (*)(FILE*)> file(std::fopen(path, "wb"), std::fclose);
        return file && std::fwrite(bytes.data(), 1, bytes.size(), file.get()) == bytes.size();
    }
 
private:
    static tmsize_t read(thandle_t handle, void* buffer, tmsize_t count) {
        Output* self = static_cast<Output*>(handle);
        const size_t available = self->position < self->bytes.size() ? self->bytes.size() - self->position : 0;
        const size_t take = std::min(available, static_cast<size_t>(count));
        std::memcpy(buffer, self->bytes.data() + self->position, take);
        self->position += take;
        return static_cast<tmsize_t>(take);
    }
    static tmsize_t write(thandle_t handle, void* buffer, tmsize_t count) {
        Output* self = static_cast<Output*>(handle);
        if (self->bytes.size() < self->position + count) self->bytes.resize(self->position + count);
        std::memcpy(&self->bytes[self->position], buffer, static_cast<size_t>(count));
        self->position += count;
        return count;
    }
    static toff_t seek(thandle_t handle, toff_t offset, int whence) {
        Output* self = static_cast<Output*>(handle);
        self->position = (whence == SEEK_END ? self->bytes.size() : whence == SEEK_CUR ? self->position : 0) + offset;
        return self->position;
    }
    static int close(thandle_t) { return 0; }
    static toff_t size(thandle_t handle) { return static_cast<Output*>(handle)->bytes.size(); }
    static int map(thandle_t, void**, toff_t*) { return 0; }
    static void unmap(thandle_t, void*, toff_t) {}
 
    std::string bytes;
    size_t position = 0;
    std::unique_ptr<TIFF, void (*)(TIFF*)> tif;
};
 
long fileSize(const char* path) {
    std::unique_ptr<FILE, int (*)(FILE*)> file(std::fopen(path, "rb"), std::fclose);
    if (!file || std::fseek(file.get(), 0, SEEK_END) != 0) return -1;
    return std::ftell(file.get());
}
 
std::string codecName(TIFF* tif) {
    uint16_t compression = COMPRESSION_NONE;
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, &compression);
    const TIFFCodec* codec = TIFFFindCODEC(compression);
    return codec ? codec->name : "scheme " + std::to_string(compression);
}
 
// What the page's strips or tiles take in the file.
unsigned long long storedBytes(TIFF* tif) {
    unsigned long long total = 0;
    for (uint32_t strile = 0; strile < TIFFNumberOfStrips(tif); ++strile) total += TIFFGetStrileByteCount(tif, strile);
    return total;
}
 
// Deterministic content: a text-like black-and-white page, a grey gradient and a colour gradient.
bool writeSample(const char* path) {
    Output out;
    TIFF* tif = out.get();
    if (!tif) return false;
    uint32_t state = 2026;
    const auto random = [&state](uint32_t n) { return ((state = state * 1664525u + 1013904223u) >> 8) % n; };
    for (int page = 0; page < 3; ++page) {
        const uint32_t width = page == 0 ? 1240 : 800;
        const uint32_t height = page == 0 ? 1754 : 600;
        const uint16_t samples = page == 2 ? 3 : 1;
        const uint16_t bits = page == 0 ? 1 : 8;
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, width);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, height);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, bits);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, samples);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, page == 0 ? PHOTOMETRIC_MINISWHITE : page == 1 ? PHOTOMETRIC_MINISBLACK : PHOTOMETRIC_RGB);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, COMPRESSION_NONE);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, TIFFDefaultStripSize(tif, 0));
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, page, 3);
        TIFFSetField(tif, TIFFTAG_PAGENAME, page == 0 ? "letter" : page == 1 ? "grey" : "colour");
        std::vector<uint8_t> row(static_cast<size_t>(TIFFScanlineSize(tif)));
        std::vector<uint8_t> ink(width, 0);
        for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
            if (page == 0) {
                // Lines of word-shaped blocks, 20 px tall every 36 px, inside 120 px margins.
                if (y % 36 == 0) {
                    std::fill(ink.begin(), ink.end(), 0);
                    const bool text = y >= 120 && y < height - 120 && random(10) < 8;
                    for (uint32_t x = 120; text && x < width - 260;) {
                        const uint32_t word = 20 + 10 * random(13);
                        std::fill(ink.begin() + x, ink.begin() + x + word, 1);
                        x += word + 18;
                    }
                }
                std::fill(row.begin(), row.end(), 0);
                if (y % 36 < 20) {
                    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) row[x / 8] |= static_cast<uint8_t>(ink[x] << (7 - x % 8));
                }
            } else {
                for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
                    if (page == 1) {
                        const int dx = static_cast<int>(x) - 400;
                        const int dy = static_cast<int>(y) - 300;
                        row[x] = static_cast<uint8_t>(255 - std::min(255, (dx * dx + dy * dy) / 1000));
                    } else {
                        row[x * 3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(x * 255 / (width - 1));
                        row[x * 3 + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(y * 255 / (height - 1));
                        row[x * 3 + 2] = 128;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (TIFFWriteScanline(tif, row.data(), y, 0) < 0) return false;
        }
        if (!TIFFWriteDirectory(tif)) return false;
    }
    return out.save(path);
}
 
// Copies one stripped page into the next directory of `out`, recompressed.
bool archivePage(TIFF* in, TIFF* out, int page) {
    uint32_t width = 0;
    uint32_t height = 0;
    uint16_t bits = 1;
    uint16_t samples = 1;
    uint16_t photometric = PHOTOMETRIC_MINISBLACK;
    uint16_t format = SAMPLEFORMAT_UINT;
    uint16_t planar = PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG;
    TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, &width);
    TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &height);
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bits);
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, &samples);
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT, &format);
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(in, TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, &planar);
    TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, &photometric);
    if (TIFFIsTiled(in) || planar != PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG) {
        std::fprintf(stderr, "page %d: this tool copies pages stored in interleaved strips\n", page);
        return false;
    }
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, width);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, height);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, bits);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, samples);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_SAMPLEFORMAT, format);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, photometric);
    TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG, PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG);
    uint16_t count = 0;
    uint16_t* kinds = nullptr;
    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_EXTRASAMPLES, &count, &kinds)) TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_EXTRASAMPLES, count, kinds);
    uint16_t *red = nullptr, *green = nullptr, *blue = nullptr;
    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_COLORMAP, &red, &green, &blue)) TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_COLORMAP, red, green, blue);
    uint16_t number = 0, pages = 0;
    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, &number, &pages)) TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PAGENUMBER, number, pages);
    char* name = nullptr;
    if (TIFFGetField(in, TIFFTAG_PAGENAME, &name)) TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PAGENAME, name);
    if (bits == 1 && samples == 1) {
        TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, COMPRESSION_CCITTFAX4);
        TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, height);
    } else {
        TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_COMPRESSION, COMPRESSION_ADOBE_DEFLATE);
        if (format == SAMPLEFORMAT_IEEEFP) {
            TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PREDICTOR, PREDICTOR_FLOATINGPOINT);
        } else if (bits == 8 || bits == 16 || bits == 32) {
            TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_PREDICTOR, PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL);
        }
        TIFFSetField(out, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, TIFFDefaultStripSize(out, 0));
    }
    std::vector<uint8_t> row(static_cast<size_t>(TIFFScanlineSize(in)));
    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
        if (TIFFReadScanline(in, row.data(), y, 0) < 0 || TIFFWriteScanline(out, row.data(), y, 0) < 0) {
            std::fprintf(stderr, "page %d: could not copy row %u\n", page, y);
            return false;
        }
    }
    return TIFFWriteDirectory(out) == 1;
}
 
bool archive(const char* inPath, const char* outPath) {
    File in = open(inPath, "r");
    Output out;
    if (!in || !out.get()) return false;
    int page = 1;
    do {
        if (!archivePage(in.get(), out.get(), page)) return false;
        page += 1;
    } while (TIFFReadDirectory(in.get()));
    return out.save(outPath);
}
 
bool info(const char* path) {
    File tif = open(path, "r");
    if (!tif) return false;
    do {
        uint32_t width = 0;
        uint32_t height = 0;
        uint16_t bits = 1;
        uint16_t samples = 1;
        char* name = nullptr;
        TIFFGetField(tif.get(), TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, &width);
        TIFFGetField(tif.get(), TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &height);
        TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif.get(), TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bits);
        TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif.get(), TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, &samples);
        const bool named = TIFFGetField(tif.get(), TIFFTAG_PAGENAME, &name) == 1;
        std::printf("page %u%s%s%s: %ux%u, %u x %u-bit, %s, %llu B\n", TIFFCurrentDirectory(tif.get()) + 1, named ? " \"" : "", named ? name : "", named ? "\"" : "", width, height,
                    samples, bits, codecName(tif.get()).c_str(), storedBytes(tif.get()));
    } while (TIFFReadDirectory(tif.get()));
    return true;
}
 
}  // namespace
 
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    const std::string command = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : "";
    bool done = false;
    if (command == "sample" && argc == 3) {
        done = writeSample(argv[2]);
        if (done) std::printf("wrote %s: 3 pages, %ld B\n", argv[2], fileSize(argv[2]));
    } else if (command == "archive" && argc == 4) {
        done = archive(argv[2], argv[3]);
        if (done) std::printf("libtiff %s: %s %ld B -> %s %ld B\n", TIFFLIB_VERSION_STR_MAJ_MIN_MIC, argv[2], fileSize(argv[2]), argv[3], fileSize(argv[3]));
    } else if (command == "info" && argc == 3) {
        done = info(argv[2]);
    } else {
        std::fprintf(stderr, "usage: tiff-tool sample <out.tif>\n       tiff-tool archive <in.tif> <out.tif>\n       tiff-tool info <file.tif>\n");
        return 2;
    }
    return done ? 0 : 1;
}

shell

npx crossbind build -p wasi -b release
wasmtime run --dir=. .crossbind/build/tiff-tool-wasi-wasm32-st-release.wasm sample scan.tif
wasmtime run --dir=. .crossbind/build/tiff-tool-wasi-wasm32-st-release.wasm archive scan.tif archive.tif
wasmtime run --dir=. .crossbind/build/tiff-tool-wasi-wasm32-st-release.wasm info archive.tif

output

wrote scan.tif: 3 pages, 2194119 B
libtiff 4.7.2: scan.tif 2194119 B -> archive.tif 57777 B
page 1 "letter": 1240x1754, 1 x 1-bit, CCITT Group 4, 2971 B
page 2 "grey": 800x600, 1 x 8-bit, AdobeDeflate, 36879 B
page 3 "colour": 800x600, 3 x 8-bit, AdobeDeflate, 15296 B

Command-line tools

18 upstream commands ship as npm executables built for wasm32-wasip3. They need wasmtime on PATH and no compiler - see WASI commands.

shell

npm install --global @crossbind/port-tiff-bin-wasi@beta
fax2ps-wasi --help

fax2ps-wasi
fax2tiff-wasi
pal2rgb-wasi
ppm2tiff-wasi
raw2tiff-wasi
tiff2bw-wasi
tiff2pdf-wasi
tiff2ps-wasi
tiff2rgba-wasi
tiffcmp-wasi
tiffcp-wasi
tiffcrop-wasi
tiffdither-wasi
tiffdump-wasi
tiffinfo-wasi
tiffmedian-wasi
tiffset-wasi
tiffsplit-wasi

What is different on WASI

There are no JavaScript bindings: src/native provides main(int, char**), and the build is a single .wasm.
Files come from the host through --dir preopens; --dir=. gives the program the current directory.
crossbind build -p wasi -b release writes the program to .crossbind/build/<name>-wasi-wasm32-st-release.wasm.
WASI 0.3's wasi:cli/exit carries success or failure only, so any non-zero return from main reaches the shell as exit code 1.
The build needs wasi-sdk 34 or newer (WASI_SDK_PATH) or the crossbind Docker image; running needs wasmtime 47 or newer. See WASI.

Other platforms

libTIFF overview: the apps, every platform's setup and the packages.
libTIFF for WebAssembly: browsers, Node.js and edge runtimes.
libTIFF for Android: React Native apps on Android.
libTIFF for iOS: React Native apps on iOS.

Facts on this page come from the port manifests in the repository and from what npm served on beta when the site was built. See the Libraries guide for the full consumer flow.

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